# kaal:claim:3808852-034

**Claim.** Standardized network-based services are very difficult to improve with decentralized approaches when local technical and administrative know-how is suboptimal, and this suboptimality is worsened when the local government lacks adequate financial resources.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- applies to standardized network-based public services

**Source quote.**

> Especially standardized network-based services are very difficult to improve with decentralized approaches when the level of technical and administrative know- how at the local level is suboptimal. This suboptimality is exacerbated if the local government does not have adequate financial resources.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Decentralization and Feedback Effects* (2021), V. Governmental Decentralization, page 21

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization and Feedback Effects (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808852

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `31e91158fdeefebc2f0be54ebf89751f7cdd4c89ecea932888f5ba9be6b1caba` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Decentralization%20and%20Feedback%20Effects.pdf

**Failure mode.** local capacity deficit  (family: inequality-and-access-divide)

**Topics.** decentralization

**Keywords.** network-services, local-capacity, decentralization-limits, fiscal-capacity

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