# kaal:claim:3808859-026

**Claim.** Open source communities are not immune to centralization, because humans have a natural inclination to convert knowledge and resources into power over others, which is why projects such as Apache developed multiple ranked developer tiers with unequal voting rights.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Source quote.**

> The open source development community is not immune to centralization. Humans have a natural inclination to use knowledge and resources to exert power over others.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Decentralization – Why We Need Technology Infrastructure Upgrades* (2021), IV.5 Level of Decentralization, page 37

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization – Why We Need Technology Infrastructure Upgrades (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808859

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `304ad25d43b5ecea3158e3a2ca04e6e1e3bd2958e2134e2dcefbfedf3b6f3ab7` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Decentralization%20%E2%80%93%20Why%20We%20Need%20Technology%20Infrastructure%20Upgrades.pdf

**Failure mode.** creeping recentralization of open communities  (family: recentralization-drift)

**Topics.** decentralization, open-source-and-code

**Keywords.** centralization, open-source, power-structures, meritocracy

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.