# kaal:claim:3808859-032

**Claim.** Growth in connected IoT devices is offset by falling consumer confidence, because the sheer number of devices creates unprecedented cyber security exposure and attacks can be launched by unsophisticated parties at minimal cost with maximal potential damage.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- estimates of 30 to 50 billion connected devices by 2020

**Source quote.**

> The IoT proliferation is offset by diminished consumer confidence. By the year 2020 the majority of experts estimate that a total of 30 to 50 billion devices will connect to the internet.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Decentralization – Why We Need Technology Infrastructure Upgrades* (2021), V.3 From IoT to Decentralized Web (Web 3.0), page 41

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization – Why We Need Technology Infrastructure Upgrades (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808859

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `304ad25d43b5ecea3158e3a2ca04e6e1e3bd2958e2134e2dcefbfedf3b6f3ab7` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Decentralization%20%E2%80%93%20Why%20We%20Need%20Technology%20Infrastructure%20Upgrades.pdf

**Failure mode.** IoT scale as trust liability  (family: privacy-and-surveillance-risk)

**Topics.** consensus-and-security, reputation

**Keywords.** iot, cyber-security, consumer-trust, web3

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