# kaal:claim:3808859-033

**Claim.** The internet has become a network of vertically and horizontally integrated monopolies whose information silos constrain knowledge exchange, and the resulting lack of competition impedes innovation including at the protocol level while diminishing consumer protection and rights.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Source quote.**

> These monopolies create information silos and constrain knowledge exchange. The resulting lack of competition impedes innovation, including at the protocol level and diminished consumer protection and rights.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Decentralization – Why We Need Technology Infrastructure Upgrades* (2021), V.3 From IoT to Decentralized Web (Web 3.0), page 42

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization – Why We Need Technology Infrastructure Upgrades (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808859

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `304ad25d43b5ecea3158e3a2ca04e6e1e3bd2958e2134e2dcefbfedf3b6f3ab7` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Decentralization%20%E2%80%93%20Why%20We%20Need%20Technology%20Infrastructure%20Upgrades.pdf

**Failure mode.** monopoly capture of internet infrastructure  (family: recentralization-drift)

**Topics.** innovation

**Keywords.** internet-monopolies, protocol-innovation, information-silos, consumer-protection

**Related claims.**

- extends: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782201-032

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.