# kaal:claim:3808867-014

**Claim.** Ex ante remedies for the downsides of representative democracy were not technologically possible when democratic representation was designed, so its downsides such as corruption, bribery, and bias had to be tolerated as inevitable tradeoffs.

**Type.** condition  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- early democracies facing physical, practical, and technological limitations

**Source quote.**

> Ex-ante remedies to overcome these downsides of representative democracies were not technologically possible.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *How Decentralized Systems Can Upgrade AI* (2021), III. Technological Microdemocracy, page 9

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, How Decentralized Systems Can Upgrade AI (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808867

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `eeccf6d0587bd278a96ce6ac8ec5003e26d161c245f6c94b4144d84f374802eb` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20How%20Decentralized%20Systems%20Can%20Upgrade%20AI.pdf

**Topics.** institutional-design

**Keywords.** representative-democracy, ex-ante-remedies, technology-constraints, microdemocracy

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