# kaal:claim:3808873-012

**Claim.** Even where superior decentralized technological solutions exist, the centralized elements deeply engrained in business and society can be perpetuated by the efficiency gains of the S curve of centralization, so superiority alone does not displace them.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- societies with deeply engrained centralized infrastructure such as legal systems and financial services

**Source quote.**

> Despite the emergence of superior decentralized technological solutions that have been emerging at the beginning of the 21st century, the centralized elements in business and society can be perpetuated via the efficiency gains in the S-curve of centralization.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Decentralization Neutralizers* (2021), III. S-Curve of Centralization, page 10

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization Neutralizers (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808873

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `f11493915e6b8c266d421510b5546816e33defb5650aac9d09b20d78549da727` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Decentralization%20Neutralizers.pdf

**Failure mode.** Efficiency Gain Perpetuation of Incumbents  (family: incumbent-resistance-to-adoption)

**Topics.** economics, decentralization

**Keywords.** s-curve, efficiency-gains, incumbency, decentralized-solutions

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