# kaal:claim:3808873-035

**Claim.** DAO governance designs of the early 2020s failed to take account of the historical precedent on governance, and most DAOs used centralized master nodes to institute blockchain protocol and DAO upgrades.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- decentralized autonomous organizations at the beginning of the 2020s

**Source quote.**

> At the beginning of the 2020s, the then existing DAO governance design structures failed to take into account the historical precedent on governance. Most DAOs utilized centralized forms of master nodes to institute blockchain protocol and DAO upgrades.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Decentralization Neutralizers* (2021), XI. Lack of Decentralized Governance Systems, page 29

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization Neutralizers (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808873

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `f11493915e6b8c266d421510b5546816e33defb5650aac9d09b20d78549da727` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Decentralization%20Neutralizers.pdf

**Failure mode.** Master Node Recentralization of DAOs  (family: recentralization-drift)

**Topics.** dao, governance-design

**Keywords.** dao-governance, master-nodes, governance-design, upgrades

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.