# kaal:claim:3931933-014

**Claim.** Opacity about reward eligibility is itself a source of dysfunction: during the first phase of the 2021 Casper testnet it was unclear which validators would be rewarded in each week, which caused friction and non-productive discussions among the validators.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- first phase of the 2021 Casper testnet
- weekly publication of uptime scores improved the situation only marginally

**Source quote.**

> During the first phase of the 2021 Casper Testnet, it was unclear which validators would get rewarded in each week, causing friction and non-productive discussions among the validators.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Hybrid Secure Proof of Stake* (2021), Testnets as remedies to platform centralization, page 5

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Hybrid Secure Proof of Stake (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3931933

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `55a71cdfceb96fadefba1f2fed9563b588825378c91aff644ee7faaccdf31204` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Hybrid%20Secure%20Proof%20of%20Stake.pdf

**Failure mode.** opaque reward eligibility  (family: staking-and-incentive-misalignment)

**Topics.** disclosure, consensus-and-security

**Keywords.** casper-network, testnet, reward-eligibility, transparency, validator-friction

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