{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "Claim",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3931933-016",
 "identifier": "kaal:claim:3931933-016",
 "text": "Uptime based reward policies invite Sybil style abuse: on the original Casper testnet single persons ran fifteen or more validator nodes to exploit cloud provider promotions and the DEVxDAO rewards policy, extracting rewards without contributing to the validator group.",
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7840-1847"
 },
 "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hybrid Secure Proof of Stake (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3931933",
 "isBasedOn": {
  "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  "name": "Hybrid Secure Proof of Stake",
  "datePublished": "2021",
  "url": "https://ssrn.com/abstract=3931933",
  "sha256": "55a71cdfceb96fadefba1f2fed9563b588825378c91aff644ee7faaccdf31204",
  "encoding": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Hybrid%20Secure%20Proof%20of%20Stake.pdf"
 },
 "keywords": [
  "consensus-and-security",
  "regulatory-failure",
  "risk-and-incentives"
 ],
 "about": [
  "casper-network",
  "sybil-attack",
  "reward-gaming",
  "multiple-nodes",
  "incentive-design"
 ],
 "abstract": "The original Casper Testnet was also afflicted by cases of single persons running 15+ validator nodes in an effort to abuse the welcome promotions of certain cloud providers and the rewards policy of the DEVxDAO.",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_type",
   "value": "failure"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "confidence",
   "value": "evidenced"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "scope_conditions",
   "value": [
    "original Casper testnet under a uptime only rewards policy"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "is_failure_mode",
   "value": true
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "attestations",
   "value": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/colloquium/attestations/8f84581387021f25a4dc5fd8c280d95fc9c05e258f0e5c942224caf8f59c8d99.json"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "edges",
   "value": []
  }
 ],
 "isPartOf": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/index.json"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-27",
 "version": "1.0",
 "sha256": "8f84581387021f25a4dc5fd8c280d95fc9c05e258f0e5c942224caf8f59c8d99",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3931933-016.md"
}