# kaal:claim:3931933-017

**Claim.** Lack of validator expertise degraded the initial Casper testnet, with only around 85 percent of testnet nodes up to date and roughly 140 active machines contributing nothing to the network.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- initial Casper testnet

**Source quote.**

> Lack of expertise also afflicted the initial Casper testnet. Only around 85% of the testnet nodes were up-to-date, with the rest of the active machines (around 140 machines at the time) not contributing to the network at all. Judging by the discussion and questions in the telegram channel,

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Hybrid Secure Proof of Stake* (2021), Testnets as remedies to platform centralization, page 5

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Hybrid Secure Proof of Stake (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3931933

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `55a71cdfceb96fadefba1f2fed9563b588825378c91aff644ee7faaccdf31204` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202021%20-%20Hybrid%20Secure%20Proof%20of%20Stake.pdf

**Failure mode.** unqualified validator participation  (family: cold-start-and-bootstrapping)

**Topics.** consensus-and-security

**Keywords.** casper-network, testnet, validator-expertise, node-quality, network-contribution

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