# kaal:claim:3936876-015

**Claim.** Between 2011 and 2018 there were 56 cyberattacks on cryptocurrency exchanges, initial coin offerings and other digital currency platforms worldwide, totaling $1.63 billion in hacking related losses.

**Type.** empirical  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- global, 2011 to 2018

**Source quote.**

> Between 2011 and 2018 there were 56 cyberattacks directed at cryptocurrency exchanges, initial coin offerings and other digital-currency platforms around the world, totaling $1.63 billion in hacking-related losses.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, Hayley Howe, *Custody of Digital Assets* (2021), II.2.a Hot Storage, page 17

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Hayley Howe, Custody of Digital Assets (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3936876

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `9bc0903d01910460298e754c451f027df4324367359800a98ee8e638d94aff55` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20and%20Howe%20-%202021%20-%20Custody%20of%20Digital%20Assets.pdf

**Topics.** defi, consensus-and-security, empirical-evidence

**Keywords.** exchange-hacks, losses, cybersecurity, empirical-data

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