# kaal:claim:4734750-003

**Claim.** Losses from smart contract vulnerabilities are large and growing, with 2021 losses alone estimated at 680 million dollars and cumulative global losses estimated at over 6 billion dollars.

**Type.** empirical  **Support.** evidenced

**Source quote.**

> In 2021 alone total financial loss from smart contract bugs was estimated at $680 million

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Code Review DAO* (2024), Smart Contract Vulnerabilities Undermine Industry Growth, page 8

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Code Review DAO (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4734750

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `60eadf91c0913468505afc664c8d8d1e1673d6c5326d031ca7060addb8ab2eda` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202024%20-%20Code%20Review%20DAO.pdf

**Topics.** smart-contracts, consensus-and-security, empirical-evidence

**Keywords.** smart-contracts, exploit-losses, security-breaches, empirical-estimates

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.