# kaal:claim:4855607-008

**Claim.** GPT class models are costly to run, and their closed nature and undisclosed algorithmic details raise transparency and accountability concerns that their performance does not offset.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- proprietary, closed weight transformer models

**Source quote.**

> GPT models, in particular, can be expensive to use due to their high computational requirements, and their closed nature and undisclosed algorithmic details raise concerns about transparency and accountability.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *How AI Models are Optimized Through Web3 Governance* (2024), Model Overview: Transformer AI, page 21

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, How AI Models are Optimized Through Web3 Governance (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4855607

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `eb0b3e62374b45a8fa888c6bde9725e606bcb46cf4b5e74a6e851d9f25099113` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202024%20-%20How%20AI%20Models%20are%20Optimized%20Through%20Web3%20Governance.pdf

**Failure mode.** Closed model opacity  (family: ai-oversight-and-alignment-gap)

**Topics.** disclosure

**Keywords.** gpt, closed-models, transparency, accountability, compute-cost

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.