# kaal:claim:4900878-005

**Claim.** The classical law of supply and demand fails because supply and demand curves cannot be measured independently and because economic interactions are intrinsically probabilistic rather than continuous and deterministic.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- applies to the continuity and determinism assumptions of classical supply and demand

**Source quote.**

> such as the impossibility of measuring supply or demand curves independently, the intrinsically probabilistic nature of economic interactions

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Quantum Economy and Tokenomics* (2024), 2.3 Comparison with Classical Economics, page 12

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Quantum Economy and Tokenomics (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4900878

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `75bf96d3b751b4ad0a6ca4a32591cf026094f113e3a372aa6c61790941b391f7` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202024%20-%20Quantum%20Economy%20and%20Tokenomics.pdf

**Failure mode.** unmeasurable-supply-demand-curves  (family: measurement-and-metric-failure)

**Topics.** tokenomics, economics, research-methods

**Keywords.** supply-and-demand, equilibrium, measurement-problem, classical-economics

**Related claims.**

- extended_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4900880-008

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.