{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "Claim",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5095633-021",
 "identifier": "kaal:claim:5095633-021",
 "text": "Human-in-the-loop annotation, including under ethical labor models, imposes financial and time costs large enough to slow the pace at which AI models can be upgraded.",
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7840-1847"
 },
 "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Artificial Intelligence The Final Frontier (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5095633",
 "isBasedOn": {
  "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  "name": "Artificial Intelligence The Final Frontier",
  "datePublished": "2025",
  "url": "https://ssrn.com/abstract=5095633",
  "sha256": "cbb484711f89bcefc9fc6a5730a1ed0a3f764d7999ad9b6f7d8ea05634c26c63",
  "encoding": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202025%20-%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20The%20Final%20Frontier.pdf"
 },
 "keywords": [
  "institutional-design"
 ],
 "about": [
  "human-in-the-loop",
  "annotation-costs",
  "impact-sourcing",
  "throughput"
 ],
 "abstract": "The reliance on human annotators, even with companies striving for ethical labor practices like CloudFactory, involves significant costs, both financial and in terms of time, which can slow down the pace of AI model upgrades.",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_type",
   "value": "failure"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "confidence",
   "value": "argued"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "scope_conditions",
   "value": [
    "pipelines that depend on human annotators"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "is_failure_mode",
   "value": true
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "attestations",
   "value": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/colloquium/attestations/bf00e44d12a33dc2aaed74ce415dc7be1a69be6d5cf44eb0315c2eda9ca06f44.json"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "edges",
   "value": []
  }
 ],
 "isPartOf": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/index.json"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-27",
 "version": "1.0",
 "sha256": "bf00e44d12a33dc2aaed74ce415dc7be1a69be6d5cf44eb0315c2eda9ca06f44",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5095633-021.md"
}