# kaal:claim:5225296-008

**Claim.** SPoS avoids the delegate centralization of DPoS, where block production concentrates among a small elected set, by distributing block production opportunities across validators in proportion to both reputation and stake.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- contrast with DPoS implementations such as EOS with 21 delegates

**Source quote.**

> Unlike DPoS, which centralizes block production among a small set of delegates (e.g., 21 in EOS), SPoS balances fairness and randomness by distributing opportunities across validators proportionally to their reputation and stake

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse* (2025), Hybridization of Consensus Mechanisms

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5225296

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `b2fec675d906334ad67e13b2d97261dc31e38061022867eb3f9ceadd95f4878d` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202025%20-%20Cryptographic%20Foundations%20and%20Interdisciplinary%20Dimensions%20of%20the%20Secure%20Proof%20of%20Stake%20%28SPoS%29%20Conse.pdf

**Topics.** decentralization

**Keywords.** dpos, centralization, block-production, random-selection

**Related claims.**

- extends: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125827-009

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.