# kaal:claim:5225296-023

**Claim.** Penalty enforcement in SPoS achieves a false-positive rate below 10^-6 because ECDSA-signed attestations make validator actions non-repudiable and forging them computationally infeasible.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** evidenced

**Source quote.**

> This process achieves a false-positive rate below 10^-6, upheld by probabilistic checks that leverage the computational infeasibility of forging ECDSA signatures, thereby maintaining trust among participants with minimal risk of erroneous sanctions

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse* (2025), Token Locking and Slashing Mechanisms

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5225296

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `b2fec675d906334ad67e13b2d97261dc31e38061022867eb3f9ceadd95f4878d` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202025%20-%20Cryptographic%20Foundations%20and%20Interdisciplinary%20Dimensions%20of%20the%20Secure%20Proof%20of%20Stake%20%28SPoS%29%20Conse.pdf

**Topics.** compliance

**Keywords.** false-positive-rate, ecdsa-attestations, slashing-enforcement, non-repudiation

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.