# kaal:claim:5225296-026

**Claim.** By concealing validator identities while still verifying eligibility, zk-SNARKs mitigate the targeted attacks and coercion that identity exposure would otherwise invite.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** argued

**Source quote.**

> The use of zk-SNARKs thus ensures that SPoS maintains a transparent yet private validator ecosystem, mitigating risks such as targeted attacks or coercion that could arise from identity exposure

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse* (2025), Privacy and Anonymity

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5225296

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `b2fec675d906334ad67e13b2d97261dc31e38061022867eb3f9ceadd95f4878d` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202025%20-%20Cryptographic%20Foundations%20and%20Interdisciplinary%20Dimensions%20of%20the%20Secure%20Proof%20of%20Stake%20%28SPoS%29%20Conse.pdf

**Topics.** consensus-and-security

**Keywords.** validator-privacy, coercion-resistance, targeted-attacks, zk-snarks

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