# kaal:claim:5225296-036

**Claim.** Sub-millisecond reputation refresh rates reduce successful Sybil attack probability by seventy percent in simulation.

**Type.** empirical  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- sub-millisecond refresh rates

**Source quote.**

> Simulations demonstrate a 70% reduction in successful Sybil attack probability with sub-millisecond refresh rates, leveraging the rapid interaction pace of modern blockchain networks

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse* (2025), Microsecond-Scale Reputation Updates as a Complementary Defense

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Cryptographic Foundations and Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) Conse (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5225296

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `b2fec675d906334ad67e13b2d97261dc31e38061022867eb3f9ceadd95f4878d` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202025%20-%20Cryptographic%20Foundations%20and%20Interdisciplinary%20Dimensions%20of%20the%20Secure%20Proof%20of%20Stake%20%28SPoS%29%20Conse.pdf

**Topics.** consensus-and-security, empirical-evidence

**Keywords.** microsecond-updates, sybil-defense, simulation-evidence, refresh-rate

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