# kaal:claim:5254152-028

**Claim.** A DAO operating without a legal wrapper risks being deemed a partnership by estoppel in legal disputes, exposing its members to liability, as scored for Hop DAO with a regulatory compliance score of 1.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- DAOs with no legal entity or legal wrapper

**Source quote.**

> Lacking a legal wrapper, it is at risk of being deemed a partnership by estoppel in legal disputes (R: 1).

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *DAO Market Meta Analysis 2024* (2024), APPENDIX A: DAO Dataset, Hop DAO, page 35

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, DAO Market Meta Analysis 2024 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5254152

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `bb2052d809a4615f0f3e2526ba6416293c40d00260149ba4fe6f38addf052796` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202024%20-%20DAO%20Market%20Meta%20Analysis%202024.pdf

**Failure mode.** partnership by estoppel exposure  (family: legal-personality-and-liability-gap)

**Topics.** law-and-legal-systems, compliance

**Keywords.** legal-wrapper, partnership-by-estoppel, member-liability, regulatory-compliance

**Related claims.**

- extends: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4529715-007
- supports: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3652481-040
- extends: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3799320-009
- supports: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3799320-019

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.