# kaal:claim:5541658-010

**Claim.** The Shenzhen courts illustrate a workable three step human-in-the-loop design for generative judicial AI: the judge decides first, the LLM generates the supporting reasoning, and the judge then revises that output to finalize the judgment.

**Type.** design  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- Chinese courts using LLMs to draft judicial opinions

**Source quote.**

> A notable case study from Shenzhen, China, illustrates a three-step interaction pattern: judges make initial decisions, LLMs generate reasoning based on these decisions, and judges revise the output to finalize judgments.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, Morgan A. Gray, *The Evolving Role of Artificial Intelligence in Law* (2025), C. Generative AI for Reasoning, page 17

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Morgan A. Gray, The Evolving Role of Artificial Intelligence in Law (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5541658

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `e543a2d698fcd522d4d02e034cc9ee1344d0015d2c824b40b9e05ab7c0728c60` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20and%20Gray%20-%202025%20-%20The%20Evolving%20Role%20of%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20in%20Law.pdf

**Topics.** ai-and-agents

**Keywords.** human-in-the-loop, generative-ai, judicial-reasoning, china

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