# kaal:claim:5541658-014

**Claim.** The opacity of black box AI systems can undermine procedural fairness as a legal matter, because parties hold a right to understand the basis of the judicial decisions that affect them.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- AI outputs that inform or shape judicial decisions

**Source quote.**

> Legally, the opacity of AI systems could undermine procedural fairness, as parties have a right to understand the basis of judicial decisions.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, Morgan A. Gray, *The Evolving Role of Artificial Intelligence in Law* (2025), Transparency and Interpretability, page 22

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, Morgan A. Gray, The Evolving Role of Artificial Intelligence in Law (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5541658

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `e543a2d698fcd522d4d02e034cc9ee1344d0015d2c824b40b9e05ab7c0728c60` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20and%20Gray%20-%202025%20-%20The%20Evolving%20Role%20of%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20in%20Law.pdf

**Failure mode.** opacity undermining procedural fairness  (family: ai-oversight-and-alignment-gap)

**Topics.** disclosure

**Keywords.** transparency, black-box-models, procedural-fairness, due-process

**Related claims.**

- extends: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4796714-007

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.