# kaal:claim:5554218-004

**Claim.** National courts and national law cannot be excluded from smart contract disputes, because almost all legal systems grant contracting parties an emergency or exorbitant jurisdiction whenever a party can show it would otherwise have no forum in which to bring its action.

**Type.** condition  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- a party can prove it would otherwise be unable to bring its action
- jurisdiction typically anchored in nationality, registered office, or place of performance

**Source quote.**

> The jurisdiction of a national court and the application of national law to disputes arising from smart contracts cannot be excluded because almost all legal systems provide the parties to contracts with an emergency jurisdiction

**From.** Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, *Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era* (2025), 1. Introduction, page 4

**Cite as.** Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5554218

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `55738b4035a91b70aa2ddaa127552fe4b373ec641afee2719fbdcabebdcbea44` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Andreas%20and%20Kaal%20-%202025%20-%20Universal%20Digital%20Law%20Codex%20%28UDLC%29%20Building%20the%20Legal%20Infrastructure%20for%20the%20Digital%20Era.pdf

**Topics.** law-and-legal-systems, smart-contracts

**Keywords.** jurisdiction, smart-contracts, conflict-of-laws, emergency-jurisdiction, national-law

**Related claims.**

- contests: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2992962-013
- contests: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2992962-021

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.