# kaal:claim:5554218-020

**Claim.** Unlike legal systems that balance enforcement against fairness, the binary execution of code offers no mechanism for appeal or mitigation, which limits recourse for aggrieved parties and challenges basic notions of justice.

**Type.** failure  **Support.** argued

**Holds when.**

- automated on chain enforcement without human adjudication

**Source quote.**

> Unlike legal systems, which balance enforcement with fairness, code's binary execution lacks mechanisms for appeal or mitigation, challenging notions of justice.

**From.** Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, *Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era* (2025), 3.3 Enforcement: Automation vs. Human Adjudication, page 18

**Cite as.** Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5554218

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `55738b4035a91b70aa2ddaa127552fe4b373ec641afee2719fbdcabebdcbea44` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Andreas%20and%20Kaal%20-%202025%20-%20Universal%20Digital%20Law%20Codex%20%28UDLC%29%20Building%20the%20Legal%20Infrastructure%20for%20the%20Digital%20Era.pdf

**Failure mode.** No appeal or mitigation in automated enforcement  (family: smart-contract-rigidity)

**Topics.** smart-contracts, compliance

**Keywords.** code-is-law, enforcement, remedies, appeal, justice

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