# kaal:claim:5554218-026

**Claim.** Binding conventions in digital law typically achieve only moderate ratification, yet their principles still permeate national legislation inspired by them, producing de facto harmonization without formal accession.

**Type.** mechanism  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- treaty instruments such as the 2005 Electronic Communications Convention

**Source quote.**

> This pattern illustrates a common dynamic in digital law: binding conventions often see only moderate adoption. Nevertheless, their principles may permeate national legislation inspired by the convention, yielding de facto harmonization.

**From.** Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, *Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era* (2025), 4.1 General Legal Frameworks in Digital Transactions, page 20

**Cite as.** Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5554218

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `55738b4035a91b70aa2ddaa127552fe4b373ec641afee2719fbdcabebdcbea44` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Andreas%20and%20Kaal%20-%202025%20-%20Universal%20Digital%20Law%20Codex%20%28UDLC%29%20Building%20the%20Legal%20Infrastructure%20for%20the%20Digital%20Era.pdf

**Topics.** institutional-design

**Keywords.** treaties, soft-law, harmonization, ratification, digital-transactions

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