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 "text": "Pledging a digital object requires the pledgor to hand over digital control, either to the pledgee, to a third party, or to a digital program capable of exercising that control, so the security interest is perfected by control rather than by filing.",
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  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
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 "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886342",
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