# kaal:claim:5886342-027

**Claim.** Contracts under the Codex are form free by default: formation does not require any particular form unless applicable mandatory law imposes one that cannot be substituted by the principle of functional equivalence.

**Type.** condition  **Support.** asserted

**Holds when.**

- applicable mandatory law does not impose a form that functional equivalence cannot satisfy

**Source quote.**

> formation of a contract does not require any particu-

**From.** Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, *Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC)* (2025), Part B, Book III, Section 3, Article 49 Form Requirements, page 12

**Cite as.** Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886342

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `dc456a1ce2ea4a356dbcb35dc900ec36be94b8c9b6da4a2c8c268d6301f66359` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Andreas%20et%20al.%20-%202025%20-%20Universal%20Digital%20Law%20Codex%20%28UDLC%29.pdf

**Topics.** institutional-design

**Keywords.** contract-formation, form-requirements, functional-equivalence, freedom-of-form

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.