# kaal:claim:6421319-022

**Claim.** Hallucination rates vary sharply by domain: leading frontier models achieve sub one percent rates for general knowledge queries, while rates climb to five to thirty percent for specialized domains and legal information hallucination averages 6.4 percent even for top models.

**Type.** empirical  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- as of 2025 and early 2026 model generations

**Source quote.**

> While leading probabilistic frontier models have achieved sub-1% hallucination rates for general knowledge queries, rates climb to 5–30% for specialized domains, and legal information hallucination rates average 6.4% even for top models.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *The Collapse of Scarcity Economics* (2026), V.D. The Hallucination Objection: Residual Imperfection and the Persistence of Signaling, page 20

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, The Collapse of Scarcity Economics (2026). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=6421319

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `0f4f68e56ee48bb8b2d73d3ab7fd96fa572e76c195694ffa740360704c1b172d` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202026%20-%20The%20Collapse%20of%20Scarcity%20Economics.pdf

**Topics.** empirical-evidence, ai-and-agents, law-and-legal-systems

**Keywords.** hallucination, empirical-rates, legal-ai, model-reliability

**Related claims.**

- supersedes: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5541658-007

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