# kaal:claim:6421319-029

**Claim.** Algorithmic pricing raises margins in concentrated markets: margins increased 28 percent in local duopoly retail gasoline markets in Germany when both firms adopted algorithmic pricing software.

**Type.** empirical  **Support.** evidenced

**Holds when.**

- local duopoly retail gasoline markets in Germany
- both firms adopting algorithmic pricing

**Source quote.**

> Assad and colleagues have documented that margins increased 28% in local duopoly retail gasoline markets in Germany when both firms adopted algorithmic pricing software.

**From.** Wulf A. Kaal, *The Collapse of Scarcity Economics* (2026), VI.C. Nash's Equilibrium: From Anthropocentric Relic to Algorithmic Collusion Risk, page 25

**Cite as.** Wulf A. Kaal, The Collapse of Scarcity Economics (2026). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=6421319

**Verify.** sha256 of source PDF `0f4f68e56ee48bb8b2d73d3ab7fd96fa572e76c195694ffa740360704c1b172d` at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wulfkaal/Academic-Papers/main/papers/pdf/Kaal%20-%202026%20-%20The%20Collapse%20of%20Scarcity%20Economics.pdf

**Topics.** empirical-evidence, reputation

**Keywords.** algorithmic-collusion, empirical-evidence, pricing-algorithms, antitrust

**Related claims.**

- extended_by: https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/6607458-025

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of the claim. Its sha256 is the content hash used for attestation.