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  "text": "Sovereignty is a property of custody that says where a thing sits and who may reach it, while accountability is a property of institutions, and the first does not produce the second.",
  "author": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
    "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7840-1847"
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  "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Institutional Requirements for Sovereign Local Agent Runtimes (2026). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=7314479",
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  "abstract": "Sovereignty, as this Article uses the term, is a property of custody. It says where a thing sits and who may reach it. Accountability is a property of institutions. It says who acted, under what authority, over which data, toward what outcome, and what follows when the outcome is wrong. The first does not produce the second.",
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