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  "text": "Membership in the sovereign local agent runtime class turns on four testable properties: user-controlled execution, user-held state, heterogeneous composition, and machine-to-machine settlement.",
  "author": {
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    "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
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  "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Institutional Requirements for Sovereign Local Agent Runtimes (2026). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=7314479",
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  "abstract": "Membership in the class defended here turns on four properties, each of which can be checked against a running system rather than against a description of one.",
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