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  "text": "A system that permits standing to open a door converts a performance signal into a security credential, raising the benefit of manipulating the signal without raising its cost.",
  "author": {
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    "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
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  "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Institutional Requirements for Sovereign Local Agent Runtimes (2026). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=7314479",
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  "abstract": "A system that permits standing to open a door has converted a performance signal into a security credential, and every incentive to manipulate the signal now carries the payoff of privilege escalation. Reputation systems are robust when the cost of manipulation exceeds its benefit. Attaching authorization to reputation raises the benefit without raising the cost.",
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