# Absolute returns

`kaal:entity:absolute-returns`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `absolute-returns`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 2 works, 2012 to 2016.

**2012**

- [2150377-001](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2150377-001) [mechanism/asserted] -- Freedom from supervision and disclosure obligations was functional rather than incidental for hedge funds: it enabled successful fund launches, helped generate higher returns, and attracted investors, which is why manager registration is contested.
  > Hedge funds' ability to invest in global markets without supervision and significant disclosure obligations was important for successful hedge fund launches, helped generate higher returns, and attracted investors.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Hedge Fund Manager Registration Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2150377

**2016**

- [2715083-016](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2715083-016) [mechanism/argued] -- Freedom from significant regulatory oversight is what historically enabled hedge funds to run more exotic, more leveraged strategies aimed at absolute returns.
  > Without significant regulatory oversight, hedge funds were able to employ more exotic investment strategies involving more leverage to generate absolute returns for their investors.
  Kaal, Confluence of Mutual and Private Funds (2016). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2715083

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/absolute-returns.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.