{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/accounting",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:accounting",
 "name": "Accounting",
 "termCode": "accounting",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "c44e91fb9cddb4bc97a041d866f1cec3b8d3bc28f3998914636f6a315399674f",
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   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 4
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
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   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
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   "value": [
    "2010",
    "2022"
   ]
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1664809-007",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1664809-007",
   "text": "The Lehman Repo 105 transactions, consummated in London but booked as sales in Lehman's US securities filings, underscore the effect that conduct in one country can have on markets elsewhere.",
   "abstract": "the affect that conduct in one country can have on markets",
   "citation": "Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law – Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for (2010). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1664809",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "cross-border transactions structured to exploit differences in national law"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "2d5c8c30f969f8eb613bfa1fe6888a7cfa1a452e1027bcda0489618ceac62c20",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782205-015",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782205-015",
   "text": "Decentralized organizations can survive economic success, because current digital tools permit secure and efficient accounting of high transaction volumes so that money can be shared appropriately without centralized dictators arbitrating the dispersal of funds.",
   "abstract": "They allow secure and efficient accounting of voluminous transactions that happen in a decentralized network, so that money can be shared appropriately in an organization without resorting to centralized dicta- tors arbitrating the dispersal of funds.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Eight Institutions for the Evolution of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782205",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "requires the digital storage, computation, networking, cryptography, and distributed computing tools described"
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  },
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4033886-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4033886-002",
   "text": "Digital asset valuation uncertainty is produced by the combination of an immature digital asset market and a valuation infrastructure, legal, accounting, finance, technology, and back office, that was not built for these assets.",
   "abstract": "The valuation infrastructure in the current legal, accounting, finance, technology, and back-office framework in combination with the immaturity of the digital asset market create an environment where digital asset valuation continues to be a mystery.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Hayley Howe, Digital Asset Valuation (2022). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4033886",
   "datePublished": "2022",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "current state of the digital asset market"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "52ba05b1292b1be4bfaf1ee5cf56b14fea9c196d870603e794d7ee316df129bd",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4033886-017",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4033886-017",
   "text": "Fair market value is the legal standard for valuation, but it carries real world problems that limit its usefulness in practice.",
   "abstract": "Fair market value is the legal standard for valuation, but it has real-world problems.48",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Hayley Howe, Digital Asset Valuation (2022). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4033886",
   "datePublished": "2022",
   "claim_type": "failure",
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   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'accounting'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}