# Accounting

`kaal:entity:accounting`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 4 claims that carry the concept tag `accounting`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

4 claims across 3 works, 2010 to 2022.

**2010**

- [1664809-007](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1664809-007) [mechanism/evidenced] -- The Lehman Repo 105 transactions, consummated in London but booked as sales in Lehman's US securities filings, underscore the effect that conduct in one country can have on markets elsewhere.
  > the affect that conduct in one country can have on markets
  Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law – Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for (2010). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1664809

**2021**

- [3782205-015](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782205-015) [mechanism/argued] -- Decentralized organizations can survive economic success, because current digital tools permit secure and efficient accounting of high transaction volumes so that money can be shared appropriately without centralized dictators arbitrating the dispersal of funds.
  > They allow secure and efficient accounting of voluminous transactions that happen in a decentralized network, so that money can be shared appropriately in an organization without resorting to centralized dicta- tors arbitrating the dispersal of funds.
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Eight Institutions for the Evolution of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782205

**2022**

- [4033886-002](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4033886-002) [mechanism/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Digital asset valuation uncertainty is produced by the combination of an immature digital asset market and a valuation infrastructure, legal, accounting, finance, technology, and back office, that was not built for these assets.
  > The valuation infrastructure in the current legal, accounting, finance, technology, and back-office framework in combination with the immaturity of the digital asset market create an environment where digital asset valuation continues to be a mystery.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Hayley Howe, Digital Asset Valuation (2022). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4033886
- [4033886-017](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4033886-017) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Fair market value is the legal standard for valuation, but it carries real world problems that limit its usefulness in practice.
  > Fair market value is the legal standard for valuation, but it has real-world problems.48
  Wulf A. Kaal, Samuel Evans, Hayley Howe, Digital Asset Valuation (2022). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4033886

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/accounting.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.