{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/adoption-failure",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:adoption-failure",
 "name": "Adoption failure",
 "termCode": "adoption-failure",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/adoption-failure.md",
 "sha256": "01b4533eadf1a621dcc62c4270e7be102678aadb00b53bc779bc7f274538df43",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2021",
    "2021"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782201-021",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782201-021",
   "text": "Despite billions of dollars of investment, radically decentralized tools including bitcoin currency, Ethereum smart contracts, and the InterPlanetary File System have not pervaded the mainstream economy.",
   "abstract": "These radically decentralized tools have not pervaded the mainstream economy despite billions of dollars in investment.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Future of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782201",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "as of the first decade after Bitcoin's invention"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "bedf7bcfbb7a9b0112b5848cb0d941b1d41f330dafeee0143a30ff5e8aa53700",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782217-027",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782217-027",
   "text": "Existing decentralized news efforts including WikiNews, the Decentralized News Network, and Steemit failed to gain wide adoption because they lacked ambition; the goal should instead be to empower individuals with greater ability to communicate and cooperate.",
   "abstract": "All of these examples appear to us to have failed to gain wide adoption due to a lack of ambition. The goal should be to empower individuals with greater ability to communi- cate and cooperate.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, The Importance of History In Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782217",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "decentralized news projects to date"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "358779557d8e7dcd101720ca0fad90b9146d24f1c7c03909eb431fcf1fb7e103",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'adoption-failure'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}