# Aktiengesetz

`kaal:entity:aktiengesetz`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `aktiengesetz`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 1 works, 2010 to 2010.

**2010**

- [1558614-022](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-022) [definitional/argued] -- The German and U.S. business judgment rules diverge most sharply at the German rule's fifth element, the requirement of no hazard decision or excessive risk taking, which German law presumes but allows to be rebutted.
  > As pointed out below, it is in this last element where the business judgment rules in the United States and in Germany diverge the most. German law presumes no hazard and excessive risk, but this presumption can be rebutted.
  Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614
- [1558614-035](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-035) [design/evidenced] -- Germany's 2005 introduction of the derivative suit tightened the standard of care only partially, because section 148(1) of the AktG conditions shareholder standing on holding shares worth roughly 100,000 euros, a threshold with no U.S. counterpart.
  > section 148(1) of the AktG requires a threshold ownership of shares totaling !100,000 (about $127,090) for shareholders to have standing to sue on behalf 174 of the corporation in German courts
  Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/aktiengesetz.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.