# Altruism

`kaal:entity:altruism`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 3 claims that carry the concept tag `altruism`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

3 claims across 3 works, 2012 to 2024.

**2012**

- [1998455-035](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1998455-035) [empirical/argued] -- Treating the price of contingent capital securities as an indicator of how much people care about market integrity and moral hazard would require altruistic motives on the part of purchasers, and the author doubts this: the nascent market appears to have been built on investors' expectation of above average returns.
  > This would imply, however, altruistic motives of CCS purchasers. It is unclear if altruism in CCS purchases would be realistic. The nascent market in CCS seems to have been built on investors' expectation of above- average returns.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Reflections on the Possible Application of Contingent Capital in Corporate Governance (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1998455

**2018**

- [3125827-013](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125827-013) [condition/argued] -- Altruism cannot be relied on in a decentralized anonymous system, so fees are ultimately crucial; the authors conclude that several blockchains with different fee structures must exist so that different transaction values can be given correspondingly different security.
  > Fees are crucial at some point, since we cannot rely on altruism in a decentralized, anonymous system in our selfish world. Therefore it seems necessary for there to exist several blockchains with different fee structures to guarantee different security for different
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827

**2024**

- [4685567-011](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-011) [mechanism/argued] -- In an impact certificate system the rules of the game are set by demand: altruists define what counts by deciding which minted certificates they are willing to pay for.
  > By deciding which certificates they are willing to pay for, altruists using the system define the rules of the 37 game.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/altruism.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.