{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/ambiguity",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:ambiguity",
 "name": "Ambiguity",
 "termCode": "ambiguity",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": [
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2447306-021",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2447306-021",
   "text": "The dominant driver of Form PF time consumption is data gathering rather than form completion: 36 percent of respondents named data gathering as the task consuming most of their time, followed by delta options and ambiguous questions or unclear instructions.",
   "abstract": "The majority of respondents (36%) identified \"Data Gathering\" as the task on which they spent the majority of their time, followed by references to \"Delta Options\" and \"Ambiguous questions / unclear instructions\".",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Disclosures Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2447306",
   "datePublished": "2014",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "open-ended responses to survey Question 14b"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "0c950d73240845e78faf1c3ca0ab820fcc50556faf7ff07f7f773d0876f0be8a",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2447306-022",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2447306-022",
   "text": "Asked what the SEC should fix first, respondents named the burdensome nature and the ambiguity of Form PF as the most pressing issues, not the substance of what is disclosed.",
   "abstract": "Respondents identified the burdensome nature and the ambiguity of Form PF as the most pressing issues with Form PF.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Disclosures Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2447306",
   "datePublished": "2014",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
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   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "0c950d73240845e78faf1c3ca0ab820fcc50556faf7ff07f7f773d0876f0be8a",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2447306-023",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2447306-023",
   "text": "Complaints about Form PF's ambiguity coexist with acceptance of its substance: the same majority that flagged ambiguity as the most pressing issue also considered their existing reporting systems adequate and agreed with the SEC's definitions and instructions.",
   "abstract": "However, the majority of respondents also considered their existing reporting systems adequate for capturing the information required by the SEC and agreed with the SEC's definitions and instructions for Form PF.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Disclosures Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2447306",
   "datePublished": "2014",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2447306-030",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2447306-030",
   "text": "Regulatory flexibility can backfire: a category of respondents reported that the flexibility the SEC provides is not useful precisely because it is unclear and generates confusion.",
   "abstract": "Another category of responses indicated that the flexibility provided by the SEC is not useful because it is not clear and creates confusion.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Disclosures Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2447306",
   "datePublished": "2014",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "minority of respondents to survey Question 7a(ii)",
    "low overall response rate to this question"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "0c950d73240845e78faf1c3ca0ab820fcc50556faf7ff07f7f773d0876f0be8a",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2447306-042",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2447306-042",
   "text": "Standardizing private fund adviser reporting obligations is the author's proposed remedy for the shortcomings advisers identified, because standardization attacks the ambiguity and inefficiency in the reporting requirements at their source and simplifies the disclosure regime.",
   "abstract": "Standardization may help address the ambiguities and inefficiencies that currently exist in the reporting requirements and help simplify and streamline the disclosure requirements for the private fund industry.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Disclosures Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2447306",
   "datePublished": "2014",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "private fund adviser reporting obligations under Form PF"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "0c950d73240845e78faf1c3ca0ab820fcc50556faf7ff07f7f773d0876f0be8a",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "5 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'ambiguity'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}