{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/amendment",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:amendment",
 "name": "Amendment",
 "termCode": "amendment",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/amendment.md",
 "sha256": "1cc710f52f59f9b7e20378371c23994f307106adfd3c9abe98d36636adc04d04",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2017",
    "2017"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3017612-030",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3017612-030",
   "text": "The articles function as the corporation's constitution and are deliberately hard to change, requiring action by both directors and shareholders unlike most corporate decisions.",
   "abstract": "Changing the articles is intentionally made difficult and amendments generally require actions by both the directors and shareholders, unlike most other corporate decisions.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "United States corporations"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "33821db406f92efbe1698fbaed37687595c13b7ce5463b4a879df679fd4af1ac",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3017612-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3017612-031",
   "text": "Where a shareholder agreement is folded into the charter or bylaws, it thereby becomes subject to whatever amendment procedure those documents or the statute provide, so charter integration exposes the arrangement to later modification.",
   "abstract": "Because shareholder agreements are often designed to avoid corporate formalities such as majority rule, \"it is not unreasonable to require that the degree of deviation intended be explicitly set out.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "agreement incorporated into charter or bylaws rather than free standing"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "33821db406f92efbe1698fbaed37687595c13b7ce5463b4a879df679fd4af1ac",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'amendment'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}