{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/bail-in",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:bail-in",
 "name": "Bail in",
 "termCode": "bail-in",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/bail-in.md",
 "sha256": "f7af1d39931a4c3d2ce6f8f6f96353ebe786c5ada42738cf8676669f485e62d9",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 4
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2011",
    "2012"
   ]
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1908473-022",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1908473-022",
   "text": "Although the EU debt write-down proposal gives regulators certainty and discretion, it could produce greater market uncertainty, raise costs, and have the unintended effect of increasing the size of financial institutions.",
   "abstract": "Although the concept may provide greater certainty and discretion to regulators, it could result in greater market uncertainty, which is likely to increase costs, and could have the unintended effect of actually increasing the size of financial institutions.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Christoph Henkel, Contingent Capital with Sequential Triggers (2011). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1908473",
   "datePublished": "2011",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Applies to the debt write-down element of the EU Commission proposal"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "9d578dac663357529edd1f6453fcfe69bdc59ac882408d9edfde5a4c2916befa",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2061166-023",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2061166-023",
   "text": "The authors contend that the European Commission's suggested floor of 4 to 19 percent of risk-weighted assets in pre-qualified bail-inable debt under the targeted approach is unrealistically high.",
   "abstract": "The Commission suggests that the pre-qualified amount of debt could include a fixed minimum for all institutions between 4 and 19 per cent of risk-weighted assets.470 Although these numbers seem unrealistically high",
   "citation": "Christoph K. Henkel, Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in European Union Bank Restructuring (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2061166",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "targeted approach in the DG Internal Market working document"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "43625ea260d0fc045e86d3435df50c9d0ca4abf8542e6085a6165be6653b4a7b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2061166-024",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2061166-024",
   "text": "Implementing the European Commission's debt write-down proposal has the potential to increase funding costs for financial institutions and to make their funding more volatile.",
   "abstract": "The implementation of the debt write-down in the European Commission proposal also has the potential of increasing funding costs for financial institutions475 and could make funding more volatile.",
   "citation": "Christoph K. Henkel, Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in European Union Bank Restructuring (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2061166",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "statutory bail-in regime as proposed by the Commission"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "43625ea260d0fc045e86d3435df50c9d0ca4abf8542e6085a6165be6653b4a7b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2061166-036",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2061166-036",
   "text": "Using contingent capital as a preventative tool does not foreclose the statutory core power or the debt write-down tool within resolution; if early contractual write-down and conversion fail, authorities remain free to intervene and impose a haircut on shareholders, debt investors and other private parties.",
   "abstract": "Contingent capital as a preventative tool would not impede the statutory core power or debt write-down tool of bail-inables within resolution.",
   "citation": "Christoph K. Henkel, Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in European Union Bank Restructuring (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2061166",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "contractual conversion at an early stage that does not achieve the desired result"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "43625ea260d0fc045e86d3435df50c9d0ca4abf8542e6085a6165be6653b4a7b",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'bail-in'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}