# Bank supervision

`kaal:entity:bank-supervision`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `bank-supervision`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 2 works, 2010 to 2019.

**2010**

- [1558614-001](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-001) [failure/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- German banks' exposure to CDO risk ran through credit enhancement and liquidity guarantees given to off balance sheet conduits, and because that exposure was often kept out of their accounting the inherent risk only surfaced once the CDO market collapsed.
  > was often hidden and not included in their accounting. The in- herent risk of the guarantees to the banks, however, became appar- 10 ent when the market for CDOs collapsed.
  Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614

**2019**

- [3405660-023](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405660-023) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Indirect regulation asks banks to fully assess the risk they incur from hedge fund counterparties, but that assessment is often dubious at best because of the opacity of hedge fund activity.
  > Regulators who regulate banks' risk management processes are in essence asking banks to fully assess the risks they incur in engaging with hedge funds as their counterparties. That assessment is often dubious at best.
  Kaal, Indirect Regulation of Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3405660

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/bank-supervision.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.