{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/bans",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:bans",
 "name": "Bans",
 "termCode": "bans",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/bans.md",
 "sha256": "218fc2008147786dd5d3423866d6b7eba33b6bf17c8aa9866b5b942f068da4c9",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2018",
    "2021"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3117224-038",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3117224-038",
   "text": "Across the top 25 ICO jurisdictions the majority permit ICOs and cryptocurrencies or do not explicitly prohibit them, and only a very small minority has banned them outright.",
   "abstract": "The majority of the countries examined in this study permit ICO's and cryptocurrencies or do not explicitly prohibit them.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Coin Offerings The Top 25 Jurisdictions and Their Comparative Regulatory Responses (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3117224",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "top 25 ICO jurisdictions"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "83e9ccb9219a217d9fcfc5c098b897229ee7cf85623bee3ae22d2e986548466b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782216-038",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782216-038",
   "text": "Banning is the only control a centralized nation has over a decentralized network within its borders, and such bans pose no threat to the network's existence.",
   "abstract": "The only way a centralized nation can control a decentralized network within their borders is to ban it completely, like the PRC has for many blockchains. But that will pose no threat to their existence.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Finance (DeFi) (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782216",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "decentralized networks that have grown past the tipping point"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "f1739743aa06bbc1641cd65da790d531b69d8628ea3f5cc3fcad1bf5a1242373",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'bans'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}