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 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/bias-detection",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:bias-detection",
 "name": "Bias detection",
 "termCode": "bias-detection",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "subjectOf": [
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4796714-007",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4796714-007",
   "text": "The black box character of deep learning models is a governance failure and not merely a technical inconvenience: opacity obstructs debugging, obscures bias detection and mitigation, and prevents comprehension of how inputs become outputs.",
   "abstract": "This opacity can obstruct the debugging process, obscure bias detection and mitigation, and hinder comprehension of AI decision-making.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, AI Governance (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4796714",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "most pronounced in deep learning models",
    "matters where decisions must be explained or audited"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4941807-008",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4941807-008",
   "text": "The opacity of deep learning models obstructs debugging, obscures the detection and mitigation of bias, and prevents comprehension of how AI decisions are reached.",
   "abstract": "This opacity can obstruct the debugging process, obscure bias detection and mitigation, and hinder comprehension of AI decision-making.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, AI Governance Via Web3 Reputation System (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4941807",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "particularly in deep learning models whose internal decision mechanisms are not transparent"
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  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'bias-detection'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}