{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/bifurcation",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:bifurcation",
 "name": "Bifurcation",
 "termCode": "bifurcation",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/bifurcation.md",
 "sha256": "c8a42d9b848f5ce89a589cfd3a6a3a5da4a96aa32dd703f8ea7ae74100762e54",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
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   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 4
  },
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   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2012",
    "2021"
   ]
  },
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   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2029983-011",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2029983-011",
   "text": "Jurisdictional competition in global securities litigation after Morrison will be bifurcated, because some jurisdictions recognize private rights of action while others do not, and some, including the United States, extend government enforcement extraterritorially where private suits are barred.",
   "abstract": "Bifurcated jurisdictional competition will characterize global securities litigation after Morrison because some juris- dictions recognize private rights of action whereas others do not,",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Richard W. Painter, Forum Competition and Choice of Law Competition in Securities Law after Morrison v. National Austral (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2029983",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "post-Morrison global securities litigation"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fde2ff611420eb283cbb49a6b681a2ae8efa2b4603ae71480e2d91483f0295f2",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2029983-012",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2029983-012",
   "text": "Bifurcation lets a party to a disputed offshore transaction reintroduce U.S. law into the civil liability regime by threatening to involve the SEC or DOJ unless the other party offers an attractive settlement.",
   "abstract": "A party to a disputed transaction outside the United States can even reintroduce U.S. law into the civil liability re- gime by threatening to involve the SEC or DOJ if the other par- ty does not offer an attractive settlement.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Richard W. Painter, Forum Competition and Choice of Law Competition in Securities Law after Morrison v. National Austral (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2029983",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "transaction located outside the United States",
    "Section 929P enforcement remains available"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fde2ff611420eb283cbb49a6b681a2ae8efa2b4603ae71480e2d91483f0295f2",
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  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2992962-022",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2992962-022",
   "text": "Hybrid approaches and meta structures that connect the existing legal and regulatory infrastructure with blockchain based smart contracting will accelerate rather than slow the bifurcation of the jurisdictional infrastructure into traditional and crypto prongs.",
   "abstract": "Hybrid approaches and meta-structures that attempt to connect the existing legal and regulatory infrastructure with the blockchain-based world of smart contracting may ultimately accelerate the bifurcation of the jurisdictional infrastructure into traditional and crypto prongs",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Craig Calcaterra, Crypto Transaction Dispute Resolution (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2992962",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "transition phase of the crypto economy"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "80b92e67594394e38af41b769327936833de8e25d6cf3def966a6ba13bc83d17",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808873-027",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808873-027",
   "text": "The regulation of government coins versus corporate coins versus people coins bifurcated the regulatory infrastructure for decentralized technologies, because government and corporate coins were able to develop and evolve with regulatory oversight while more decentralized issuers were not.",
   "abstract": "The regulation of government coins versus corporate coins versus people coins bifurcated the regulatory infrastructure for decentralized technologies. Government coins and corporate coins were able to develop and evolve with regulatory oversight.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization Neutralizers (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808873",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "early 2020s token regulation across jurisdictions"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "f11493915e6b8c266d421510b5546816e33defb5650aac9d09b20d78549da727",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'bifurcation'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}