{
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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/board-composition",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:board-composition",
 "name": "Board composition",
 "termCode": "board-composition",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": [
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/kaal-2013-acomparativeperspectiveo-004",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:kaal-2013-acomparativeperspectiveo-004",
   "text": "Because directors serve part-time as outsiders, it is unreasonable to expect them to have the knowledge, capacity, and expertise needed to monitor effectively the business affairs of large and increasingly complex corporations.",
   "abstract": "that, because directors serve part-time as outsiders, it may be unreasonable to expect directors to have the knowledge, capacity, and expertise to \"effectively monitor the",
   "citation": "Kaal, A Comparative Perspective on the Limitations of the Duty of Oversight – A Comment on Lisa Fairfax (2013)",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "large and complex modern corporations",
    "outside directors serving part time"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ac5c955fe01209c54c78c4575c0b8bf570e5f1259c3f855510697cf51a32e59a",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-031",
   "text": "The authors stipulate a category of director, the feedback provider, defined as a director appointed to supply management with unmediated and relevant input from the market, which is what a firm needs in order to plan for continued relevancy.",
   "abstract": "Successful companies have included a diverse range of individuals who are expected to assist management by providing unmediated and relevant input from the market. Such market feedback is highly necessary to identify a plan to remain relevant in the future.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "directors with technologist, entrepreneurial, or academic backgrounds"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fa4e986917d437cb1504281e7b986be2698e9507d8feaf426c9d7d1754ca882c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-032",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-032",
   "text": "Forty-five percent of directors at the thirteen S&P 500 companies with above-average revenue growth over the last five years are feedback providers who make board decisions more data-driven.",
   "abstract": "Almost half of the board of directors (45%) in the thirteen S&P 500 companies that showed an above average revenue growth over the last five years are \"feedback providers\" who make board decisions more data-driven.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "thirteen S&P 500 companies with above-average five-year revenue growth"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fa4e986917d437cb1504281e7b986be2698e9507d8feaf426c9d7d1754ca882c",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'board-composition'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}