# Board composition

`kaal:entity:board-composition`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 3 claims that carry the concept tag `board-composition`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

3 claims across 2 works, 2013 to 2017.

**2013**

- [kaal-2013-acomparativeperspectiveo-004](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/kaal-2013-acomparativeperspectiveo-004) [condition/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Because directors serve part-time as outsiders, it is unreasonable to expect them to have the knowledge, capacity, and expertise needed to monitor effectively the business affairs of large and increasingly complex corporations.
  > that, because directors serve part-time as outsiders, it may be unreasonable to expect directors to have the knowledge, capacity, and expertise to "effectively monitor the
  Kaal, A Comparative Perspective on the Limitations of the Duty of Oversight – A Comment on Lisa Fairfax (2013)

**2017**

- [2922176-031](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-031) [definitional/argued] -- The authors stipulate a category of director, the feedback provider, defined as a director appointed to supply management with unmediated and relevant input from the market, which is what a firm needs in order to plan for continued relevancy.
  > Successful companies have included a diverse range of individuals who are expected to assist management by providing unmediated and relevant input from the market. Such market feedback is highly necessary to identify a plan to remain relevant in the future.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176
- [2922176-032](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-032) [empirical/evidenced] -- Forty-five percent of directors at the thirteen S&P 500 companies with above-average revenue growth over the last five years are feedback providers who make board decisions more data-driven.
  > Almost half of the board of directors (45%) in the thirteen S&P 500 companies that showed an above average revenue growth over the last five years are "feedback providers" who make board decisions more data-driven.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/board-composition.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.