# Board diversity

`kaal:entity:board-diversity`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 6 claims that carry the concept tag `board-diversity`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

6 claims across 1 works, 2017 to 2017.

**2017**

- [3071378-023](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3071378-023) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- A corporation that lacks diversity and allows group thinking will struggle to identify issues because it needs a fresh perspective, which harms the corporation long term by reducing its ability to identify its own strengths and weaknesses.
  > Similarly, if a corporation lacks diversity and allows group thinking, the board will likely struggle to identify issues because the corporation needs a fresh perspective.77 This can harm the corporation in the long term as it is less able to identify strengths and weaknesses.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Technology and Race in Corporate America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3071378
- [3071378-025](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3071378-025) [empirical/evidenced] -- By some estimates the lack of inclusion of minorities in corporate America costs the U.S. economy one trillion dollars per year once the pay gap between whites and minorities is taken into account.
  > According to some estimates, the lack of inclusion of minorities in corporate America costs the U.S. economy $1 trillion per year, taking into account the pay gap between whites and minorities. 85
  Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Technology and Race in Corporate America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3071378
- [3071378-026](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3071378-026) [mechanism/argued] -- Allowing minorities onto the board increases creativity through the different perspectives they represent, which acts as a defense against groupthink.
  > Board diversity benefits corporations. By allowing minorities on the board, creativity increases with the different perspectives represented by minorities which acts as a defense against groupthink.87
  Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Technology and Race in Corporate America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3071378
- [3071378-027](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3071378-027) [normative/argued] -- Because directors must act in good faith and in the best interests of the corporation, and a diverse board helps protect against group thinking, fiduciary obligations supply a business reason for board diversity.
  > Arguably, a diverse board helps protect against group thinking which is in the best interest of the corporation.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Technology and Race in Corporate America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3071378
- [3071378-028](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3071378-028) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Minority board members are expected to bring in minority clientele, so where the corporation's product is not used by minorities the minority director is perceived as a failure, which stigmatizes minority board members and damages their careers.
  > However, if the product the respective corporation produces is not used by minorities, the minority board member will be perceived as a failure for not bringing in minority clients.94 This may stigmatize minority board members and impact their careers.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Technology and Race in Corporate America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3071378
- [3071378-029](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3071378-029) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Because a small group of minorities serves on a large number of boards, corporations in fact lose the diversity of viewpoints they were seeking when appointing a minority board member.
  > By having a small group of minorities who serve on a large number of boards, corporations are in fact losing the diversity of viewpoints they were initially looking for in a minority board member.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Technology and Race in Corporate America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3071378

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/board-diversity.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.