{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/board-monitoring",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:board-monitoring",
 "name": "Board monitoring",
 "termCode": "board-monitoring",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/board-monitoring.md",
 "sha256": "e8ead1763d4a8622cb0d1abd709841fe75cc87ac6916fe9a0b691c9720e603c6",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
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   "value": 2
  },
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  },
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   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2010",
    "2013"
   ]
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  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-018",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1558614-018",
   "text": "Codetermination makes the German supervisory board's decision making more cumbersome, so a co determined Aufsichtsrat may not respond quickly enough to fast moving events such as an escalation of portfolio risk or a liquidity crisis.",
   "abstract": "It may be difficult for a co-determined Aufsichtsrat to respond quickly to rapidly changing developments, such as an escala- tion of financial risk in a securities portfolio or a liquidity crisis.",
   "citation": "Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "corporations large enough to trigger employee representation on the supervisory board",
    "employee representatives may also carry union political objectives"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e898211630f4116879329d6de8397523dca5b066864147421aa5cbc7429dc83b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2317580-016",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2317580-016",
   "text": "Once a CIA has been executed it is much easier for the government to reopen a case than to pursue a new one, and this ease of further prosecution, combined with increased OIG scrutiny and the threat of crippling penalties, substantially affects board knowledge, monitoring, and management.",
   "abstract": "Once a CIA has been executed, it is much easier for the government to reopen a case than to pursue a new one.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2317580",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "companies operating under an executed CIA"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "50973e1e820aef47a4e7ffdbdcb513d03f1845643fcf4fa5910e9528a0b7dac2",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'board-monitoring'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}