{
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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/board-of-directors",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:board-of-directors",
 "name": "Board of directors",
 "termCode": "board-of-directors",
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  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": 4
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   "value": [
    "2017",
    "2017"
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-017",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-017",
   "text": "Code guidance assigning the board responsibility for long-term value creation, as in the 2016 Dutch Corporate Governance Code, is difficult to implement because neither long-term value nor the intended beneficiary of that value is defined.",
   "abstract": "Implementation of such code guidance is rather difficult in practice as definitions of long-term value, and the beneficiary of the value creation, are unclear.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Dutch Corporate Governance Code, December 2016"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fa4e986917d437cb1504281e7b986be2698e9507d8feaf426c9d7d1754ca882c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-030",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-030",
   "text": "The monitoring and advising roles of the board are no longer sufficient, and a board confined to those roles is a missed opportunity to obtain unmediated and relevant market feedback on company initiatives.",
   "abstract": "Successful companies recognize that the monitoring and advising role of the board is no longer sufficient and that the board of directors in many ways may constitute a missed opportunity for receiving feedback on company initiatives, e.g., unmediated and relevant input from the market.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "successful companies already operating beyond the academic monitoring debate"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-031",
   "text": "The authors stipulate a category of director, the feedback provider, defined as a director appointed to supply management with unmediated and relevant input from the market, which is what a firm needs in order to plan for continued relevancy.",
   "abstract": "Successful companies have included a diverse range of individuals who are expected to assist management by providing unmediated and relevant input from the market. Such market feedback is highly necessary to identify a plan to remain relevant in the future.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "directors with technologist, entrepreneurial, or academic backgrounds"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fa4e986917d437cb1504281e7b986be2698e9507d8feaf426c9d7d1754ca882c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-033",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2922176-033",
   "text": "It is feasible that in the not too distant future an artificial intelligence will hold an independent board seat with voting authority and be trusted to make smarter, data-driven choices than human directors.",
   "abstract": "In the not too distant future it seems feasible that artificial intelligence will have an independent board seat and may be trusted to make smarter – data-driven – choices than humans.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "speculative",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "extrapolated from the appointment of the algorithm Vital at Deep Knowledge Ventures and Alicia T at Tieto"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fa4e986917d437cb1504281e7b986be2698e9507d8feaf426c9d7d1754ca882c",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'board-of-directors'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}